Builds a persistent hash index stored as a .vtri sidecar file alongside
the .vtr file. The index maps key hashes to row group indices, enabling
O(1) row group identification for equality predicates (filter(col == value)).
Details
For composite indexes on multiple columns, pass a character vector.
Composite indexes accelerate AND-combined equality predicates
(e.g., filter(col1 == "a", col2 == "b")).
The index is automatically loaded by tbl() when present. It composes with
zone-map pruning and binary search on sorted columns.